{"id":15944,"date":"2023-10-06T15:35:12","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T15:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/?p=15944"},"modified":"2023-10-06T15:55:31","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T15:55:31","slug":"legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html","title":{"rendered":"6 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Penetration Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Penetration tests (pen tests) should be a staple at any business that handles sensitive information. Pen tests are essentially authorized simulated attacks on a computer system to assess the strength of its security.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">But, what are the legal and ethical aspects of penetration testing? And how are client\u2019s sensitive information protected during this process?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Today, we\u2019ll be covering the top legal and ethical considerations of pen testing and what you should consider if you\u2019re planning on running them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_58 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6565829236bb5\" ><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-6565829236bb5\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6565829236bb5\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\/#1_Legal_Authority\" title=\"1. Legal Authority\">1. Legal Authority<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\/#2_Damage_Control\" title=\"2. Damage Control\u00a0\">2. Damage Control\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\/#3_Indemnification\" title=\"3. Indemnification\u00a0\">3. Indemnification\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\/#4_Scope_of_Work\" title=\"4. Scope of Work\u00a0\">4. Scope of Work\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\/#5_Licensing_and_Certification\" title=\"5. Licensing and Certification\u00a0\">5. Licensing and Certification\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\/#6_Privacy_Issues\" title=\"6. Privacy Issues\u00a0\">6. Privacy Issues\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Legal_Authority\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1. Legal Authority<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Pen testing means that you\u2019re authorizing a hacker to \u201cbreak in\u201d to a computer or computer network. Ethical hackers (hackers authorized to break into computers) are hired to attempt to penetrate a system or test the security of computer systems.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethical hackers often work for large data and tech firms, and hold a data science degree. Luckily, clients aren\u2019t expected to pay the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.noodle.com\/articles\/earning-potential-masters-in-data-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">average data scientist&#8217;s salary <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and instead will pay for the entire service.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">By authorizing the \u201cattack\u201d security teams can test their systems without placing their information and data at risk. This gives IT teams the chance to fix any bugs and weak points in their systems and keep their systems up to date with the latest technological advances.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">However, even when authorized, pen tests are not without legal risks. Therefore, all parties involved should enter into a contract that clearly outlines the aims of the test. This should include the range of IP addresses, subnets, computer networks, and devices that will be subject to the test.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Having a contract protects both the tester and the company.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Damage_Control\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">2. Damage Control\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Pen testing can potentially interrupt and impact user systems, especially if you\u2019re testing a production or live system. Therefore, we advise you to send your users notifications about when pen tests are being run to avoid the potential harm, damage, or disruption caused by the test.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The notification should also provide an explanation of the purpose of the pen test so that customers understand the need for the pen test. It is important that customers understand that if they are engaging with user systems it can cause disruptions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By keeping users informed, and remaining transparent, companies can avoid a ton of legal and ethical issues and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/ai-technology-how-it-can-improve-cybersecurity-practices.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> improve their cybersecurity practices<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Indemnification\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">3. Indemnification\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">As mentioned before, we strongly recommend having an effective legal team draw up contracts between the pen tester and the client. We also recommend that contracts are drawn up with any third-party players.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Think about it this way, should the pen test cause damage to any important information or documents like patents, the owners of that information could sue. Having a contract drawn up would avoid this issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternatively, you could also <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/how-you-can-securely-backup-a-wordpress-website.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">back up any important information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on a separate computer network. However, having the proper contracts in place will provide an extra layer of protection. The contract should specify responsibility for damages and indemnify the customer for any damages.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The scope of indemnification should consider potential issues like incorrect IP address ranges or potential injuries from the FBI.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Scope_of_Work\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">4. Scope of Work\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Your pen test agreement should clearly outline what will be done, what won\u2019t be done, and any underlying assumptions in the agreement. For example, if the pen test is merely an &#8220;external&#8221; vulnerability assessment, the perimeter (what is &#8220;external&#8221;) and scope of the test must be defined.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The same is true for an internal pen test, which includes what is being tested, how it is being tested, and for what reason.\u00a0 Avoid phrases like &#8220;state of the art,&#8221; which have no actual meaning and just serve to raise expectations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Similarly, the assumptions behind the pen test must be defined.\u00a0 The pen tester will rely on the client to choose which systems should and should not be evaluated. Clearly defining your scope of work and having this in writing will help avoid any confusion and potential legal issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Licensing_and_Certification\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">5. Licensing and Certification\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">A pen tester, or firms offering pen testing, need the proper licensing and certification. For example, the GIAC offers penetration testing certification (GPEN) and the IACRB provides pen testing proficiency certification (CEPT).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having the proper licensing is important if, for example, you\u2019re requested to present your findings in court. This is common in legal issues and investigations that require <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/topics\/computer-forensics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">computer forensics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, incident response investigations, or expert witness evidence.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Privacy_Issues\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">6. Privacy Issues\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">A successful pen test can allow the pen tester to get access to a computer or computer network that they should not have been able to access.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Accessing data or databases containing sensitive personal information, credit card information, personally identifiable information (PII), or Private Health Information (PHI) may also be included.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The pen test may expose the tester to sensitive information that they shouldn\u2019t necessarily have access to. However, should this breach be reported?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The simple answer is yes. Especially if it violates the scope of work outlined in the contract. While these things are preventable, we strongly recommend that you make provisions for these breaks when the contract is drawn up.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Penetration tests (pen tests) should be a staple at any business that handles sensitive information. Pen tests are essentially authorized simulated attacks on a computer system to assess the strength of its security.\u00a0 But, what are the legal and ethical aspects of penetration testing? And how are client\u2019s sensitive information protected during this process? Today, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[63,1],"tags":[],"offerexpiration":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Know The 6 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Penetration Testing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here we are covering the top legal and ethical considerations of pen testing and what you should consider if you\u2019re planning on running them.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-web-services.com\/legal-and-ethical-aspects-of-penetration-testing.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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